PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.